Study goals
Identify, in light of the VRIO model, how Career Centers contribute to the strategy of HEIs and student employability, based on the cases of the Universities of Pennsylvania, Waterloo and George Mason.
Relevance / originality
The study fills an identified gap by applying the RBV/VRIO to Career Centers in HEIs, traditionally seen as operational support; it positions them as strategic bundles linked to employability and highlights the conditions for sustainable competitive advantage.
Methodology / approach
This article uses a qualitative, descriptive approach, with multiple case studies (UPenn, Waterloo, GMU) Data collection included institutional documents, public sources, and semi-structured interviews with managers Analysis used the Gioia framework, with open/axial/selective coding, within and across cases, aligned with the VRIO.
Main results
Partnerships with employers, specialized teams, and alumni networks serve VRIO and sustain competitive advantage; traditional infrastructure, services, and programs generate parity or temporary advantage; technologies add value when integrated with human and relational assets and aligned with institutional strategy.
Theoretical / methodological contributions
It extends the RBV/VRIO to the context of HEIs; demonstrates sustainable advantage through orchestration of partnerships, specialized teams, and alumni networks; integrates VRIO with employability; and operationalizes analysis with the VRIO matrix and Gioia coding, with triangulation and within- and between-case analyses.
Social / management contributions
It offers management guidelines for HEIs: developing long-term partnerships with employers, investing in specialized teams, structuring alumni networks, and integrating Career Centers into institutional strategy, strengthening student employability and academic reputation.