Study goals
Assess a pilot implementation of a hybrid budgeting architecture—annual budget (ZBB) plus rolling forecast—in a Brazilian state-owned enterprise, detailing design, governance (RACI), digital integration (budget planning system↔BI) and time-series modeling (ARIMA), and discussing results and lessons for scale-up.
Relevance / originality
Practice-oriented report in a large public organization comparing ZBB and rolling forecast under sector contingencies, culture, and digitalization. Integrates recent evidence and proposes a measurable adoption/evaluation protocol for contexts with high fixed-cost share and multi-unit structures.
Methodology / approach
Applied study with triangulation: internal documents/data, participant observation in sprints, and interviews with key actors. Prototyped BI dashboards and time-series (ARIMA), with a backtesting protocol, metrics (MAPE, RMSE, MAE), and comparison against naïve and ETS benchmarks.
Main results
Hybrid arrangement proved feasible; ARIMA(0,1,1) outperformed on AIC/BIC/HQ; dashboards shortened consolidation time and improved review cadence; bottlenecks: data access, duplications, resistance. Recommend monthly/quarterly reviews, SPO↔BI integration, formal RACI, and selective focus on volatile/discretionary accounts.
Theoretical / methodological contributions
Consolidates the coexistence framework (annual budget–rolling), advances governance design (top-down→hybrid) and cycle digitalization, and details a predictive evaluation protocol plus process indicators of adoption—useful for replication and inter-unit comparison.
Social / management contributions
Provides a practical roadmap for state-owned enterprises: staged rollout, non-punitive review policy, transparency via dashboards and explicit parameters; potential for faster decisions, efficient allocation, and accountability without abandoning the disciplines of the annual budget.