Study goals
Traffic has become an issue increasingly discussed not only by the competent authorities, but also by society itself. Brazil, in turn, is among the countries with one of the most violent transits in the world, according to the World Health Organization, occupying the fifth place in the number of deaths from traffic accidents. The use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) can represent an important advance in the analysis of geospatial data, providing greater speed in the correlation of several variables in a few clicks, the creation of thematic maps of interest to the traffic authorities, etc. The use of these tools, therefore, streamlines and optimizes the allocation of resources where they are really needed. The article proposes the use of a simple execution methodology to identify points of higher incidence of traffic accidents throughout the day using data referring to 4 years.
Relevance / originality
499/5000
The developed system allows data related to traffic accidents to be easily accessed and the attributes related to accidents can be manipulated in order to guide city managers to decide where and when to intervene to mitigate factors related to the severity or not of traffic accidents. Traffic. The platform developed in open software is scalable and allows other sectors of public administration and / or civil society to access and analyze the data.
Methodology / approach
The methodology starts from the creation of a database containing all the information collected in the Police Reports. The database chosen was a non-relational database which could, in the following stages of the project, aggregate data from other sources of information, such as: IML, insurance company, hospital records etc., thus increasing the analysis power. For the use of Geographic Information Systems, the geographic location of each accident was inserted in the B.Os, when there was no georeferenced information, a Google API integrated with the B.O's information capture software was used. With the database in hand and converting the databases to shapefile files, the claims were analyzed using free software called QGIS. Well-known analysis tools such as the Pareto Principle and Heat Maps have enabled an expeditious analysis of the main locations by accident time band in a city.
Main results
It allows visualization and classification of traffic accidents by whatever characteristics are chosen by the analyst. In the study in question, the objectives were to classify the most accidental points by time range of accidents with and without victims. With this quantitative analysis in place, the government and local transit agencies will be able to direct more detailed studies on the points listed in the final tables. For the Secretariat of Urban Mobility and its Traffic Management, a quantitative approach can be a good starting point for targeting resources. Knowing which locations have a higher recurrence of accidents, these authorities will be able to allocate inspection and engineering teams for further studies on the physical and environmental characteristics that contribute to the occurrence of these accidents.
Theoretical / methodological contributions
Pareto's Principle and Heat Maps are well-known tools and easy to apply both by the academic community and by professionals from different areas. The combination of these tools associated with a Geographic Information System allows expeditious analysis to be performed and viewed by technicians from public and private companies who work with traffic data.
Social / management contributions
O sistema desenvolvido permite que os dados referentes aos acidentes de trânsito possam ser facilmente acessados e os atributos relativos aos acidentes podem ser manipulados de forma a orientar os gestores das cidades a decidir onde e quando intervir para mitigar fatores relacionados à severidade ou não dos acidentes de trânsito. A plataforma desenvolvida em software aberto é escalável e permite que outros setores da administração pública e/ou sociedade civil possam acessar e analisar os dados.