Study goals
To analyze, through technical-scientific literature, the effects of climate change on the geotechnical, hydrological, and structural stability of earth dams, considering expansive soils, extreme climatic variability, and human interventions, and to propose a conceptual physical model to guide mitigation strategies
Relevance / originality
This study addresses the underexplored intersection between geotechnics and climate change, focusing on earth dams. It highlights how expansive soils and extreme climatic events interact, compromising dam stability, and emphasizes the urgent need for integrated monitoring and adaptive engineering solutions.
Methodology / approach
A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, theses, and technical reports was conducted. Climatic, hydrological, and geotechnical data were integrated to identify instability mechanisms and evaluate mitigation measures. Analysis emphasized soil expansion, infiltration, pore pressure, and structural adaptation under changing climatic conditions.
Main results
Findings reveal that dam stability is significantly influenced by climatic extremes and expansive soils. Effective adaptation requires combined strategies: real-time pore pressure monitoring (piezometers), advanced hydrodynamic modeling, and geotechnical reinforcement, ensuring structural resilience in the face of projected climatic variability.
Theoretical / methodological contributions
The research advances knowledge by linking soil mineralogy, hydrological dynamics, and climate change impacts in dam engineering. It provides a conceptual framework for integrating geotechnical, hydrological, and climatic data into risk assessments, supporting the development of adaptive, evidence-based engineering methodologies.
Social / management contributions
The study supports decision-makers by offering evidence-based guidelines for safer dam design and management under climate change. Results strengthen water security strategies, reduce environmental risks, and enhance community resilience, particularly in regions dependent on stable hydrological infrastructure.