Study goals
Map, organize, and systematize publications on competency development strategies, their challenges, and alternatives in the context of digital transformation and uncertainty, identifying trends and research gaps based on a systematic literature review between 2000 and 2025.
Relevance / originality
The study integrates active methodologies and digital technologies into the discussion on developing technical, behavioral, and digital skills in complex and uncertain environments. The approach highlights barriers and solutions, expanding the debate on adaptive strategies in light of the intensifying digital transformation.
Methodology / approach
A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science databases, using a specific search string and a time filter. Inclusion/exclusion criteria, analysis with digital tools, and manual review were applied, resulting in 83 articles aligned with the research question.
Main results
Active methodologies (PBL, CBL, PjBL, gamification, flipped classroom, experiential learning) and digital technologies (simulators, AI, metaverse, platforms) were identified. Structural, emotional, and pedagogical barriers were highlighted, as well as solutions such as training, mentoring, intentional pedagogical planning, and improved learning infrastructure.
Theoretical / methodological contributions
The research systematizes evidence on the effectiveness of active methodologies integrated with digital technologies, highlighting behavioral and digital competencies. It offers an up-to-date overview of trends, gaps, and challenges, serving as a reference for future studies in education and skills development.
Social / management contributions
The findings provide insights for formulating policies and practices that integrate technological innovation, equal access, and qualifications. They point to ways to prepare professionals capable of acting effectively in highly complex and uncertain environments characterized by digital transformation.